Martin Žatečka | Terraforming of Mars

The transformation of Mars to the conditions of life on earth was like the gratest adventure of makind and its gratest challenge, it is necessary to start during the 21st century.
The planet is know to have undergone dramatic climatic changes wich have been linked, by a large consensus, to greenhouse gases.
Global increase in population, its concentration in cities, and the development of emerging countries lead to a big increase in energy needs. Althrough oil, gas and coal will be avaliable for many years still, but resources are limited.
The goal of tis project is change the Mars into second earth using plant structures of lichen that change Co2 into O2 and can be used as shelter.

In many respects, Mars is the most Earth-like of all the other planets in the Solar System. It is thought that Mars had a more Earth-like environment early in its history, with a thicker atmosphere and abundant water that was lost over the course of hundreds of millions of years. Given the foundations of similarity and proximity, Mars would make one of the most plausible terraforming targets in the Solar System.

Ethical considerations of terraforming include the potential displacement or destruction of indigenous life, even if microbial, if such life exists.

Terraforming Mars would entail three major interlaced changes: building up the atmosphere, keeping it warm, and keeping the atmosphere from being lost to outer space. The atmosphere of Mars is relatively thin and has a very low surface pressure. Because its atmosphere consists mainly of CO2, a known greenhouse gas, once Mars begins to heat, the CO2 may help to keep thermal energy near the surface. Moreover, as it heats, more CO2 should enter the atmosphere from the frozen reserves on the poles, enhancing the greenhouse effect. This means that the two processes of building the atmosphere and heating it would augment one another, favoring terraforming.